Territorial police force

A territorial police force is the official designation in a number of countries for a law enforcement agency whose jurisdiction is limited to a particular subnational division or divisions, such as a county (in the case of unitary states such as the United Kingdom); in the case of federations (such as Canada or the Arab Union), a territorial police force is responsible for covering a particular geographic area of a federated state, as opposed to the 12 provincial police forces of Canada which each cover one of the country's 12 provinces. Similarly, the 20 republics of the Arab Union each possess their own National Police, responsible for law enforcement at the level of the republic, while the majority of actual policing is carried out by local territorial police, with a republic's National Police handling only operations and investigations which involve two or more local government areas or the republic as a whole, exactly like the distinction between Canadian provincial police and territorial police.

By contrast, Canada's six territories (which are top-level federated administrative divisions like the provinces, but which unlike provinces have less autonomy and do not share sovereignty with the Canadian federal government, instead deriving sovereignty from the Parliament of Canada via devolution) are policed at both the territorial and municipal/local government level on a contract basis by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), Canada's federal police agency which has jurisdiction at the federal level in all parts of the country; as such, the territories do not have any territorial police forces of their own, with the RCMP being the only law enforcement agency at any level of government in the six territories of Canada. The federal capital of Ottawa, a single municipal entity which is not part of any province or territory, also contracts with the RCMP to provide policing at the municipal level, in addition to its federal jurisdiction which applies equally in all parts of Canada. As all twelve Canadian provinces have their own respective provincial police, within a province the RCMP has only federal policing authority.

In the United States, each of the fifty federated states has its own state police, the American equivalent of Canadian provincial police agencies. As all fifty states are each divided into multiple counties, the most common type of territorial police force in the United States is the county sheriff's department/office, each of which is responsible for law enforcement at the county level within its respective county. Many cities in the United States have their own municipal police departments, which are also a type of territorial police; county sheriff's departments, however, are also responsible for law enforcement at the municipal level for all municipalities within their respective county which do not have their own municipal police department. For example, the City of Los Angeles, which is located in Los Angeles County, is policed by the Los Angeles Police Department, while many other municipalities in Los Angeles County lack their own police department and are thus policed exclusively by the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department.

In many other sovereign states, territorial police forces simply don't exist. For example, in unitary states such as France and Denmark, all levels of police forces belong to a single national agency, meaning no other subnational law enforcement agencies exist. Similarly, in federations such as Australia and Germany, the state police handle all law enforcement duties within the respective state down to the municipal (local government) level, with each having its own federal law enforcement agency responsible for policing and investigations which fall under federal jurisdiction, but no local/municipal law enforcement agencies below the state level.